Definition and Examples of Doublets in English

In English grammar and morphology, doublets are two distinct words derived from the same source but by different routes of transmission, such as poison and potion (both from the Latin potio, a drink). Also known as  lexical doublets and  etymological twins.  When the two words are used together in a phrase  they are called  coupled synonyms or  binomial expressions. Three words of this kind are called triplets: e.g., place, plaza, and piazza (all from the Latin platea, a broad street). Examples and Observations English has many doublets from Latin sources. Usually, the earlier word came from Norman French and the later one came from central French . . . or directly from Latin. Occasionally we have three words, or a triplet, from the same source, as in cattle (from Norman French), chattel (from central French), and capital, all derived from the Latin capitalis, meaning of the head. Another example is hostel (from Old French), hospital (from Latin), and hotel (from modern French), all derived from the Latin hospitale.  Ã‚   (Katherine Barber, Six Words You Never Knew Had Something to Do With Pigs. Penguin, 2007)It is no coincidence that the basic meaning of adamant was diamond. The word diamond is a doublet of adamant, the two words having come ultimately from the same Greek source, adamantos.The present-day adjective, meaning unyielding, inflexible, usually in the phrase to be adamant, is first recorded in the 1930s. It was apparently an extended use of such earlier phrases as an adamant h eart (1677), meaning a heart of stone and adamant walls (1878) stone walls.  (Sol Steinmetz, Semantic Antics. Random House, 2008) Cadet, Caddie, Cad In Medieval Gascon French, a capdet was a little chief, little head, from the Late Latin capitellus, a diminutive form of Latin caput head. The term was originally applied specifically to a younger son of a nobleman, serving as a military officer at the French court, . . .. The term passed into Standard French in this Gascon sense, but later was generalized to mean younger (son, brother).In the 17th century, French cadet passed into English, which reworked the French meanings and, in the process, created the doublet form caddie. During the 17th and 18th centuries cadet was used to mean junior military officer, while caddie meant military trainee. The 18th century also saw the creation of the abbreviated form cad, which seems to have had a variety of senses, all of them suggesting assistant status: assistant to a coach-driver, wagoners helper, bricklayers mate, and the like.(L. G. Heller et al., The Private Lives of English Words. Taylor, 1984) Differences in Meaning and Form Doublets vary in closeness of meaning as well as form: guarantee/warranty are fairly close in form and have almost the same meaning; abbreviate/abridge are distant in form but close in meaning (though they serve distinct ends); costume/custom are fairly close in form but distant in meaning, but both relate to human activities; ditto/dictum share only di and t and a common reference to language; entire/integer are so far apart that their shared origin is of antiquarian interest only. (Tom McArthur, The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992) Doublets in Legal Language [David] Mellinkoff (1963: 121-2) indicates that many . . . legal terms appear in company--they are routinely used in sequences of two or three (doublets are also known as binomial expressions and binomials). . . . Everyday words can be transformed into legal formulae in this way. Melinkoff also points out that many doublets and triplets combine words of Old English/Germanic (OE), Latin and Norman French origins. Examples of doublets of sound mind (OE) and memory (L)give (OE) devise (F) and bequeath (OE)will (OE) and testament (F/L)goods (OE) and chattles (F)final (F) and conclusive (L)fit (OE) and proper (F)new (OE) and novel (F)save (F) and except (L)peace (F) and quiet (L)These expressions are mostly centuries old, and some date from a time when it was advisable to use words of various origins either to increase intelligibility for people from different language backgrounds, or more probably it was intended to encompass previous legal usage or legal documents from both early English and Norman French.  (John Gibbon, Forensic Linguistics: An Introduction to Language in the Justice System. Blackwell, 2003)The non-exhaustive lists below present a selection of doublets and triplets still commonly found in legal documents:Doublets:aid and abet, all and sundry, attached and annexed, ask and to answer, deem and consider, each and all, fit and proper, have and hold, legal and valid, true and correct, totally null a nd void, peace and quiet, son and heir, terms and conditions, last will and testamentTriplets:cancel, annul, and set aside / ordered, adjudged, and decreed / signed, sealed, and delivered(Mia Ingels,  Legal English Communication Skills. Acco, 2006) Morphological Doublets [M]orphological doublets (rival forms) . . . are pairs of synonymous complex words which share the same base but involve distinct formatives, e.g. two different affixes (cf., for instance, the existence of attested doublets in -ness and -ity: prescriptiveness/prescriptivity, etc.). One may predict that this sort of formal fluctuation is not likely to persist for a long time; usually, one of the rival forms eventually takes over and becomes established (thus strengthening the derivational pattern it represents) while the other variant sinks into oblivion (or they acquire specialized meanings, as in historic / historical, economic / economical). (Bogdan Szymanek, The Latest Trends in English Word-Formation. Handbook of Word-Formation, ed. by Pavol Ã…  tekauer and Rochelle Lieber. Springer, 2005) Pronunciation: DUB-lit EtymologyFrom Latin duplus, two-fold

Not Just a Story of a Childhood Essay - 1117 Words

Turpen/ 1 Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis is one of the most intriguing books for not only students of history, but for anyone who can enjoy the historical time that was taking place in Islam through the late 1970s’ and 1980s’. Through the eyes of a child, Marji shows the underlying issues dealing with war from a child’s perspective, moral uncertainty and the impacts on class differences. War from a child’s perspective in Persepolis is so unique compared to other literary works because it is giving the details from a young Iranian girl who is getting first hand accounts from not only her experiences, but also from her parents and other members of the family and the community. There is little information involving ‘’actual events’’ that†¦show more content†¦For example, in a part of the book, her teacher tells the class to rip out their picture of the Shah in their textbooks. She was completely baffled by this becaus e it was that same exact teacher that had praised and spoken well of the Shah prior to the revolution. She did not fully comprehend how someone can take a complete turn around and their preferences change. It is almost like she only saw the world as in black and white. It was either one way or the opposite. When Marji’s mother learns about the torture that her friends had went through, she had claimed that all of torturers should be massacred. Prior to coming to that idea, she had told Marji about forgiving. When Marji had asked her mom why not forgive the torturers too, she gives a response that she does not quite understand by saying that ‘’Bad people are dangerous but forgiving them is dangerous too.’’ This all leads to a degree of moral uncertainty because it made Turpen/3 Marji, question on what it is that they are actually supposed to be for or what they are supposed to be opposed to. God also plays quite a significant part in this book. Along with many other reasons, God in this novel plays a major role of moral certainty. If the reader looks closely, it is noticeable that at the beginning of the story, he was very close to Marji, then during the revolution he appears less. He then completely disappears because Marji had pushed him away after her Uncle Anoosh hadShow MoreRelatedDiction Analysis963 Words   |  4 PagesFlowers†, a short story by Alice Walker, is a great example of diction at play. This short story uses contrasting imagery and diction to develop and show meaning in the work. The contrasting imagery and diction convey meaning in Alice Walker’s short story, â€Å"The Flowers† because they show how the happy and good times shifted towards gloomy and sad moments. Also, the contrasting imagery and diction identify the loss of childhood innocence as a theme and they describe how Myop lost her childhood innocence. Read MoreThe Influences and Impacts of Settings on Characters and Readers1445 Words   |  6 Pagesseriously consider developing when writing a short story. Alberto Alvaro Rios, an award-winning author and mastermind behind the short story â€Å"The Secret Lion,† utilizes his brilliant writing style to carefully devise an intricate double-setting that is simple, effective, and innocent. It reminds the reader how precious life is. The setting influences and impacts not only the main character, but the reader as well, who can also relate back to the story being told. Developed settings help the reader soakRead MoreThis Is What It Means For Say Phoenix, Arizona712 Words   |  3 Pagesthemes and symbolic ideas throughout his story. Alexie’s story can be simplified as the death of a father changed his son’s life. However, it is more complex than that throughout the sto ry. There are hidden connections all through Alexie’s work. One hidden connection is the character Thomas Builds-the-fire. Thomas is Victor’s childhood friend, and is the reservations goofball, storyteller. Thomas plays a much larger role in Victor’s life than just a childhood friend. Thomas Builds-The-Fire is Victor’sRead MoreComing of Age in The Man Who was Almost a Man by Richard White Dave562 Words   |  3 Pagesman is just referring to a coming of age, and it somewhat is, however there is more. In the short story â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard white, Dave, the main character is a young boy trying to become a man and is searching for the key. However, there are certain ways to do things in society, and there are ways to not, and both of these ways have their benefits and consequences. In this short story Dave sees the gun as a symbol of manhood, and it will set him free of his childhood. ThroughoutRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?965 Words   |  4 Pagestransitions throughout the story. The transitions maybe big or small, but they do make a difference in the story. In the short story â€Å"Where are you going, Where have you been?† by Joyce Carol Oates, Connie is the protagonist. Connie is a 15 year old girl that is so unexperienced and she wants to go out and explore the world. Connie is enveloped by Arnold Friend’s sweet talk, he is the instrument that Oates uses in order to make Connie transition through many stages in the story. Connie is faced with theRead MoreEssay on Messages Revealed in Annie Dillards, An American Childhood735 Words   |  3 Pages In An American Childhood by Annie Dillard, Dillard reminisces on her many adventures throughout her childhood living in Pittsburgh. Her stories explain her school, her home life, her family, and growing up. Dillard also talks about changes in her life, and how they affect her, and how she felt about others around her. One’s childhood is a crucial part of life, because it’s a time of learning more than any other time of life. Childhood is a time of curiosity and realization. What you learn in yourRead MoreAnnies Story675 Words   |  3 PagesAnnie’s story Childhood, we all are going trough childhood. Childhood can be filled with love and happiness, but also sorrow and pain. Some of us think that childhood is a time with no responsibility and almost no sorrow. It is for some of us, a time where being happy and learning by playing almost is inevitable. Sadly, even though every child in the world deserves a childhood like this, it is far from it. Many children, sadly, have more scars than good memories from their childhood. The shortRead MoreRelentless Progress : The Reconfiguration Of Children s Literature1603 Words   |  7 Pagesforward a valid perspective that the act of a child reading any form of children’s literature is set up to promote â€Å"adult aims and the power of the market† (4). Although this perspective is important to remember when considering how the formation of childhood identity is guided and influenced by children’s literature, it is important to remember that the literature itself is not to b lame. Adults, parents, teachers, guardians or other people of influence in a child’s life have the power to provide childrenRead MoreLiterary Art : Edgar Allan Poe1195 Words   |  5 Pageswhen writing a short story or even a detective story. He used the tragic events of his childhood, and used that for â€Å"fuel† to create the plot lines in his stories. He used the dark and somber events of his childhood and turned it into literary art to be remembered for many years to come. Instead of Poe taking his dark childhood out on other people, he put it into words, stories with so much effort put into it. Poe wanted people to follow certain guidelines when writing a short story; if you did not followRead MoreComparing Through The Tunnel, The Bridge And The Scarlet Ibis723 Words   |  3 Pagespassage. All the stories contain these elements but having contained different meanings. As for the symbols in these stories, are quite mind blowing once you learn more about their s ignificance, as for Through the Tunnel and The Bridge both have very similar symbols, although The Scarlet Ibiss symbols are not quite like the other storys. Coming from the stories Through the Tunnel and The Bridge, Jerry along with the Boy both have a childhood place (the safe beach, and the childhood house) which they

Human Trafficking for Sexual Purposes - 2808 Words

Are Human Trafficking Laws Helping or Hurting? Thesis Statement – Human trafficking for sexual purposes is an ever growing, global, inhumane plague, but the laws meant to abolish it really are hurting the victims more than they are helping them. Introduction – Definition of Human Trafficking and statistics. Main Support Idea #1 – The negative effects of legalizing prostitution. Main Support Idea #2 – The Trafficking in Persons Report and its down falls. Main Support Idea #3 – The effects of Raids on the Brothels and other locations. Conclusion Human trafficking is a horrendous crime that is eating away at the lives, dignity and freedom of our women and young children and lately, also our men, at a very rapid rate. It is reaping in†¦show more content†¦Without money; as their pimps collect all their earnings for sky high debts â€Å"incurred† for acquiring and maintaining them, gave them no legal papers as a way of maintaining control over them and were not allowed no sort of contact from the outside world, the girls are practically hopeless and have no choice but to depend on their pimps for survival and soon it became second nature to them. The pimps continue to beat on and rape the girls at their pleasure and leisure and the customers also feel it is their right to buy and use the girls however they see fit like they are just whatever objects they want them to be at that point in time. What about the regulations that were put in place to govern these brothels? Why did it go from bad to worse? In Thai, the Government is not in a position to address the situation, as they promote sex tourism and prostitution thus leaving the window wide open for trafficking. According to Leuchtag, â€Å"In 1996 nearly five million sex tourists from the United States, Western Europe, Australia and Japan visited Thailand. These transactions brought in about twenty six point two billion—thirteen times more than Thailand earned by building and exporting computers†(10-15).The Human Traffickers are outdoing the legitimate trade by far. Legalizing prostitution though only â€Å"exposed prostitutes to more dangerous clients and less safe-sex practices† (Feingold 26+). Prostitution demands a continuous supply of females, so trafficking of females to fulfillShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking1355 Words   |  6 PagesRigdon November 16, 2014 Human Trafficking and its Dire Effects. Human Trafficking in the United States is something not a lot of people discuss. Most think it is only something that happens in third world countries, but in fact could be happening in their hometown. According to Protocol to Prevent, Subdue and Punish Trafficking in Persons, human trafficking in the modern world entails transfer of persons by use of applied force. Other methods used to enforce the trafficking include use of deceptionRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Nation s Economy, Political, And Legal Factors1383 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human traffi cking will be identified. There are three majorRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Modern Day Form Of Slavery1591 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking is a billion dollar industry and is arguably the fastest growing criminal enterprise in the world. It exists in every country. It’s victims are both old and young, black and white, and spans every socioeconomic bracket. The Department of Homeland Security defines human trafficking as, ‘a modern-day form of slavery involving the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain’ (What Is Human Trafficking?). While people are trafficked for a majority of reasons, the mostRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1498 Words   |  6 Pagescontribute to the issue at hand. The issue I want to focus on is human trafficking. This type of criminalization is often one that is overlooked, most people believing that it is some sort of â€Å"myth,† or that this type of action happens to very few, and is only p art of developing countries. However, the truth of the matter is that human trafficking occurs everywhere in the world, even the most successful countries. Human trafficking can occur in many different forms, however, there are very few lawsRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is An Illegal Movement Of People986 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION: Human Trafficking is an illegal movement of people for the purpose of forced labour or sexual exploitation. Millions of people from around the globe have been captured and caught to undergo activities against their will mainly for the act of slavery or pleasure and prostitution.Human Trafficking is a criminal industry stripping people of life and freedom. To this day, human trafficking is happening around the globe and numbers of victims are increasing up until this generation. NeverthelessRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Sex Trafficking1746 Words   |  7 PagesChild sex trafficking is an international threat to the happiness of children everywhere. Children are our hope. They are the inspiration for a lot of the humanitarian work in which many people around the world are involved. Threats to the well-being of children are numerous. In addition to many living in less than stable familial environments, children today are continually forced to face the effects of a conflict filled socie ty, regardless of their country of origin. Creating an environment thatRead MoreSlavery in History713 Words   |  3 Pagesslavery affected many people for the good and the bad. The economy and plantation owners were affected in the act of slavery. You should be informed that, how slavery affected the United States, how does human trafficking collide with slavery, and the living conditions of the slavery and human trafficking. Slavery did not only affect the United States, but also the economy of the United States. The only states with African slavery, were Maryland and Virginia, becoming foundation of the Southern agrarianRead MoreHuman Trafficking Across the Globe Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Trafficking Across the Globe Human trafficking is when a person is forced or tricked into working under terrible conditions. The victims of human trafficking may be kidnapped or are sometimes lured with false promises for a better future in a new country. Human trafficking is a high-profit and low-risk endeavor for the traffickers. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally and is considered a crime against the victim being trafficked because of the violation of the victim’sRead MoreSexual Slavery : The Purpose Of Sexual Exploitation998 Words   |  4 PagesSexual Slavery in America Sex Slavery defined- Sexual slavery is slavery for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Sexual slavery may involve single-owner sexual slavery; ritual slavery, sometimes associated with certain religious practices, such as ritual servitude in Ghana, Togo and Benin. †¢ Concubinage was a traditional form of sexual slavery in many cultures, in which women spent their lives in sexual servitude. In some cultures, concubines and their children had distinct rights and legitimateRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The United States1740 Words   |  7 PagesHUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE UNITED STATES: WHY SOME STATES HAVE MORE HUMAN TRAFFICKING CALLS THAN OTHERS INTRODUCTION Human trafficking is a growing endemic affecting an estimated 35.8 million men, women, and children around the world annually, as reported by the Global Slavery Index (GSI). The United States is not immune to this problem and has successfully identified 21,434 cases of human trafficking through the National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline since 2007. As with crimes of this

Changing Things for the Better Essay Example For Students

Changing Things for the Better Essay Lets say my school receives a donation of money, which could be used in many ways to improve the school. Some examples would be: improving the cafeteria, buying computers, taking field trips, or etc, etc. Well if it were totally up to me on this situation, I would vote the money be spent on importing kids from other countries to this school. The reason for the matter is I dont like how many white kids there are in this school, heck, I dont like white kids in general. I mean, of course this is Nebraska, its pretty much a state of the hillbillies. There may be worse states, but I live in Nebraska, so thats not my problem. My problem is the white kids in this town, more precisely, the white kids in this generation. This generation totally blows. I havent seen a weaker generation of white kids in my life. I swear, the kids in the holocaust would kill to be in the position these white kids are in. There needs to be more colored people in this generation to teach these white kids what the real world is like, then maybe theyd get their poop in a group. I cant go into one of my classes without some white kid talking about how he and his friends got wasted   the other night at their white friends party. This isnt the movie Grown Ups, this is real life, this is drugs, alcohol, etc, etc. This generation blew over in the worst way possible. I cant say whether its the parents or the kids, but something needs to definitely change. Parents should teach their kids both the good things and bad things in life, so they know what road they want to go down, and the road they want to avoid. Well if it were the parents, good job, your kid smokes pot and drinks for a living. Thats why he or she is never home as much as they used to be. Now to the other point. Kids are disobeying their parents, sneaking out of the house at night, or not coming home until, lets say, 1-2 a. m. If they would teach more discipline to their kids, we wouldnt be having this problem. Discipline can either keep your kids safe, or the kid could still disobey the discipline and sneak out anyway. The harsher the punishment, the better accomplishment, just saying. Put your kids on lock down, keep an eye on them, lock them in a room(not recommended), do something to where you know it is a 100% fact they will not leave whatsoever. I know I may have gotten off topic, but I just really needed to throw all of this out there. Back to the main point. People of other ethnicities, races, or religions, are far different from white kids in this country. Its not just the kids, but grown up as well. The more stuff kids see, the more they want do it. Grownups are basically encouraging kids to have their lives. Asian kids are smart, I may not know the reason, but it looks pretty nice there, no violence, as we see here, in the U. S. Other countries arent as hectic as this hell hole we call our Land of the free, Home of the brave.   More like home of the d bags. We need kids from other countries teach our little poop squads a lesson or two. I dont like seeing this school turn in to some druggy school that parents dont want their kids going to, I want to see people actually enjoy it here.